eng
FIMTEC & MPRL
Journal of Membrane Science and Research
2476-5406
2015-10-01
1
3
100
100
10.22079/jmsr.2015.14471
14471
Membrane Engineering: Future Perspectives
Enrico Drioli
e.drioli@itm.cnr.it
1
ITM–CNR, c/o University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_14471_78fe4194ea4329a8c0a44aff692c6ab8.pdf
eng
FIMTEC & MPRL
Journal of Membrane Science and Research
2476-5406
2015-10-01
1
3
101
112
10.22079/jmsr.2015.14472
14472
A Review on Applications of Membrane Distillation (MD) Process for Wastewater Treatment
Mohammad Mahdi A. Shirazi
che.shirazi@gmail.com
1
Ali Kargari
editorial.jmsr@gmail.com
2
Membrane Industry Development Institute, Tehran, Iran
Membrane Processes Research Laboratory (MPRL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
The growing scarcity of fresh water is driving the implementation of wastewater treatment and water reuse on an increasingly large scale. Various methods have been developed and used for water reuse from wastewater; however, the membrane distillation (MD) process, as a promising separation technology, has recently gained more attention. The MD process is a non-isothermal membrane-based separation used in various applications, especially for desalination and water/wastewater treatment. Compared with other separation processes, the MD process possesses several unique characteristics such as total (100%) rejection, intensive to feed concentration, mild operating conditions as well as stable performance at high contaminant concentrations. Due to the high fresh water demand in recent years, extensive researches have been devoted to the MD process in areas of water/wastewater treatment. The present paper offers a comprehensive MD state of the art review covering the MD applications for wastewater treatment and water reuse.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_14472_4566d184b8ef139e234c8e514951e589.pdf
Membrane Distillation (MD)
Wastewater treatment
Water Reuse
DCMD
SGMD
AGMD
VMD
eng
FIMTEC & MPRL
Journal of Membrane Science and Research
2476-5406
2015-10-01
1
3
113
117
10.22079/jmsr.2015.14481
14481
A Novel Photovoltaic Powered Reverse Osmosis with Improved Productivity of Reverse Osmosis and Photovoltaic Panel
Hiren D. Raval
hirenraval@csmcri.org
1
Subarna Maiti
smaiti@csmcri.org
2
Reverse Osmosis Discipline, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar- 364 002, (Gujarat), India
Reverse Osmosis Discipline, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar- 364 002, (Gujarat), India
With the increasing installed capacity of desalination, the greenhouse gas emission for generating the required energy to power the desalination plants is also becoming the focus of attention in the world community. Domestic reverse osmosis membranes have been very successful technology especially in the developing world to provide safe drinking water. The novel concept of photovoltaic powered RO with thermal energy recovery from the photovoltaic panel has been presented. The problem with photovoltaic technology is its sensitivity to temperature. The efficiency of the photovoltaic panel declines at higher temperature. The present paper demonstrates that the thermal energy can be captured by flowing water to maintain the temperature of the photovoltaic panel at the same time the captured thermal energy can be harnessed for useful purposes. The direct utilization of high temperature water is the most attractive option from an overall energy efficiency point of view. The present paper demonstrates that the captured thermal energy from the PV panel can be successfully utilized when cooling water is feed water to reverse osmosis. The higher temperature feed water to reverse osmosis decreased the energy consumption of reverse osmosis up to 28% and increased the total product water output by 20% with up to a 10oC rise in feed water temperature during the day. The paper also explains the sensitivity of membrane transport with temperature. The present paper opens the possibility of system development and poses the win-win combination of higher photovoltaic panel efficiency with the utilization of captured thermal energy which in turn curbs greenhouse gas emissions.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_14481_4477976cb081e8ca66cafdbc982f0438.pdf
Solar powered reverse osmosis
Temperature
Photovoltaic panel
Thermal energy
Efficiency
eng
FIMTEC & MPRL
Journal of Membrane Science and Research
2476-5406
2015-10-01
1
3
118
123
10.22079/jmsr.2015.14482
14482
Fabrication and Characterization of Polyetherimide Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor for Carbon Dioxide Stripping from Monoethanolamine Solution
Zabih A. Tarsa
1
S. Ali Asghar Hedayat
2
Masoud Rahbari-Sisakht
rahbari@iaug.ac.ir
3
Chemical Engineering Department, Mahshahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
Chemical Engineering Department, Mahshahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran
Chemical Engineering Department, Gachsaran branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
In this research, process asymmetric polyetherimide hollow fiber membranes using ethanol (0, 2 and 4 wt%) as non-solvent additive in the polymer dope via phase inversion method were fabricated. Aqueous solution of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidine (NMP) (90%) was applied as a bore fluid to avoid inner skin layer formation and water was used as the external coagulant. The morphology of fabricated membranes was examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). A gas permeation test was conducted using Nitrogen. Fabricated membranes were characterized in terms of pore size, critical water entry pressure, water contact angle and collapsing pressure. The performance of fabricated membranes for carbon dioxide stripping from monoethanolamine solution using a gas - liquid membrane contactor system was studied. The results showed that carbon dioxide stripping flux and efficiency increased by increasing liquid velocity. Also, enhancement of stripping flux by increasing gas velocity was negligible. By increasing MEA solution temperature, stripping flux increased; therefore, liquid phase temperature is a key parameter which needs to be controlled.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_14482_dd9cf311b88c7867b2a5d033df0c13ca.pdf
Gas-liquid membrane contactor
CO2 stripping
Hollow fiber membrane
Polyetherimide
eng
FIMTEC & MPRL
Journal of Membrane Science and Research
2476-5406
2015-10-01
1
3
124
129
10.22079/jmsr.2015.14483
14483
Preparation of Poly(ether-6-block amide)/PVC Thin Film Composite Membrane for CO2 Separation: Effect of Top Layer Thickness and Operating Parameters
Iman Khalilinejad
iman.thq@gmail.com
1
Hamidreza Sanaeepur
h.sanaee@yahoo.com
2
Ali Kargari
editorial.jmsr@gmail.com
3
Membrane Processes Research Laboratory (MPRL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr, P.O. Box 415, Iran
Membrane Processes Research Laboratory (MPRL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr, P.O. Box 415, Iran
Membrane Processes Research Laboratory (MPRL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr, P.O. Box 415, Iran
In this work, novel thin film composite membranes (TFCs) of poly (ether-6-block amide) (Pebax-1657) on a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ultrafiltration membrane as support were prepared using inclined coating method for CO2 separation. Investigating the effects of top selective layer thickness formed by controlling the coating angle (15-60°) and polymer solution concentration (5-10 wt.%), and also, the effects of different operating pressure (2-10 bar) and temperature (25-50 °C) conditions were selected as challenging case study. Morphological considerations of the Pebax/PVC TFCs were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that revealed a defect-free thin selective layer of Pebax/PVC composite membrane. The single CO2, CH4 and N2 gases' permeance carried out using constant-volume/variable-pressure method. The results suggested that the CO2 permeance, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of the membranes increase upon pressure and decrease with temperature increment. In addition, the permeations of CO2, CH4 and N2 increased respectively 16.7, 21 and 18% in Pebax/PVC TFCs compared to the neat Pebax free stand membrane.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_14483_8b90fe5dc58e4a2a3ffec9cc7d949f80.pdf
CO2 separation
Pebax
PVC
Thin film composite membrane
Membrane thickness
eng
FIMTEC & MPRL
Journal of Membrane Science and Research
2476-5406
2015-10-01
1
3
130
134
10.22079/jmsr.2015.14484
14484
Characterization of Commercial Ceramic and Hybrid Membranes Using Gas Permeation and Permporometry Tests
D.E. Koutsonikolas
dkoutson@cperi.certh.gr
1
S.P. Kaldis
2
Ch. Matsouka
3
V.T. Zaspalis
4
Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
Laboratory of Materials Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Laboratory of Materials Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
The gas separation performance of commercial ceramic Titania and hybrid silica (HybSi®) membranes was assessed using the gas permeation and permporometry methods. Results indicated that the HybSi® membranes have a hybrid surface containing regions covered by a polymeric matrix and others with inorganic pores. These membranes have high H2 selectivity, which increases significantly with temperature and after exposure to H2O vapors. On the other hand, Titania membranes have a very narrow pore size distribution in the low mesoporous or in the upper microporous range. These membranes have very high permeance but moderate selectivity which is not affected by H2O exposure.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_14484_1be6e77f81629552ee76f97f8a013a4c.pdf
Hybrid silica membranes
Titania membranes
Gas separation
H2 separation
eng
FIMTEC & MPRL
Journal of Membrane Science and Research
2476-5406
2015-10-01
1
3
135
140
10.22079/jmsr.2015.14485
14485
Electrodialysis Heterogeneous Anion Exchange Membranes Filled with TiO2 Nanoparticles: Membranes' Fabrication and Characterization
M. Nemati
1
S. M. Hosseini
sayedmohsen_hosseini@yahoo.com
2
E. Bagheripour
3
S.S. Madaeni
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
Membrane Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah 67149, Iran
In the current research, polyvinylchloride based mixed matrix heterogeneous anion exchange membranes were prepared by a solution casting technique. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were also utilized as inorganic filler additive in the membrane fabrication. The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles concentration in the casting solution on the membrane physico-chemical properties was studied. Membrane water content was decreased by an increase of nanoparticle concentration. Ion exchange capacity was also improved initially by an increase of nanoparticle content ratio and then slightly decreased. The membrane fixed ionic concentration, membrane potential, transport number and permselectivity were all increased by an increase of additive loading ratio. The membrane ionic permeability was enhanced initially by an increase of nanoparticle concentration up to 0.5 %wt in the membrane matrix and then decreased by more additive content ratio from 0.5 to 4 %wt. Membrane ionic resistance was declined by using TiO2 nanoparticles in the membrane matrix. Membranes also exhibited lower permselectivity and transport number for bivalent ions in comparison to monovalent ones. An opposite trend was found for the membrane ionic permeability. The amount of swelling in the homemade membranes was also less than 5% in thickness and negligible in length and width. Among the prepared membranes, the modified membrane containing 0.5 %wt TiO2 nanoparticles concentration showed more appropriate performance compared to the others. The obtained results revealed that modified membranes in this study are comparable with commercial membranes.
https://www.msrjournal.com/article_14485_9f1e3c499c9d0430031f1fe73c395221.pdf
Anion exchange membrane
composite film
TiO2 Nanoparticles
Electrochemical characterization